Does all periodontal treatment mean surgery of my gums?

Not necessarily.  There are many levels of the disease process.  In the early stages, better home care, possibly a bacterial sample of the tissue fluid around the teeth and antibiotic treatment and more precise dental cleaning may be enough to restore gum health.  In more severe cases, deep cleaning or root planing in the four quadrants of the mouth is needed, with or without antibiotic treatment.  Bite therapy, either an adjustment of the existing bite or the use a night guard or day guard may be part of initial or phase I treatment.  After either of the above treatments, a reevaluation of therapy is completed, usually within six weeks of completion.  If periodontal surgery is needed, it is discussed at this phase.